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目的:根据白银市2003～2010年婴儿死亡的调查统计资料,对婴儿死亡率的变化及其主要死因进行统计分析,为确定妇幼保健工作的重点与对策提供参考依据。方法:根据甘肃省5岁以下儿童死亡监测方案,利用全市5个县区5岁以下儿童死亡监测点2003～2010年儿童死亡监测资料中婴儿死亡相关资料进行统计、分析。结果:2003～2010年来全市婴儿死亡率下降明显,但农村婴儿死亡率明显高于城市;2003～2008年婴儿前3位死因顺位为肺炎、出生窒息、早产和低出生体重;其中肺炎、早产低出生体重死亡率下降明显,出生窒息死亡率下降不明显,2009～2010年婴儿前3位死因顺位为出生窒息、早产和低出生体重、先天性心脏病。先天性心脏病、其他先天异常等出生缺陷死因顺位上升。婴儿死亡构成中,新生儿占84.60%,其中早期新生儿占69.57%。结论:降低新生儿死亡率是降低婴儿乃至5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。儿童保健工作的重点应放在农村,应加大对农村及边远贫困地区的妇幼卫生投入,加强农村三级妇幼卫生网络和卫生服务能力建设,促进城乡间协调发展;重视先天异常的预防、提高其检测水平。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes of infant mortality rate and the main causes of death according to the survey data of infant death from 2003 to 2010 in Baiyin City, and provide a reference for the key points and countermeasures of maternal and child health care. Methods: According to the death monitoring program for children under 5 years old in Gansu Province, the data of infant deaths in the monitoring data of child death from 2003 to 2010 in the death spots of children under 5 in five counties and cities in the whole county were statistically analyzed. Results: The infant mortality rate in the city dropped significantly from 2003 to 2010, but the infant mortality rate in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas. The top three causes of death among 2003-2008 were pneumonia, birth asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight. Among them, pneumonia, prematurity Low birth weight mortality decreased significantly, the mortality of birth asphyxia decreased significantly, from 2009 to 2010, the first three causes of infant mortality asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease, other birth defects and other birth defects cause the increase. Among the infant deaths, 84.60% were newborns, of whom 69.57% were early neonates. Conclusion: Reducing neonatal mortality is the key to reducing infant and under-5 mortality. The focus of child health care should be placed on rural areas. We should increase investment in maternal and child health in rural and remote poverty-stricken areas, strengthen the construction of MCH networks and health services in rural areas, and promote the coordinated development of rural and urban areas. We should pay attention to the prevention and improvement of innate anomalies Its detection level.