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目的了解河北省出生缺陷地理分布特点。方法对全省172个县市区进行全面出生缺陷发生率调查,利用地理信息系统制作出全省出生缺陷发生率分布图和主要出生缺陷分布图。结果 (1)采用地理信息系统绘制的出生缺陷发生率地图显示,我省前十位出生缺陷中,部分出生缺陷存在聚集特点,其中以边远山区相对高发;(2)地图显示,先天性心脏病以石家庄、廊坊各县市区发生率相对较高;(3)神经管缺陷及总唇裂发生率较高的县(市、区)多为山区和坝上;(4)多指(趾)以石家庄、唐山地区各县(市、区)相对高发;(5)外耳畸形、先天性脑积水、尿道下裂、马蹄内翻足、并指(趾)、腭裂在地理分布上无明显聚集分布特征。结论采用地理信息系统绘制出生缺陷分布地图可较直观的反映主要出生缺陷地理分布特点以及各地区出生缺陷发生水平。
Objective To understand the geographical distribution of birth defects in Hebei Province. Methods A survey was conducted on the incidence of total birth defects in 172 counties and cities across the province. The geographic distribution system of birth defects and the distribution charts of the major birth defects were produced by using GIS. Results (1) The incidence of birth defects using GIS showed that some of the birth defects in our province were clustered together, especially in remote mountainous areas. (2) The map showed that congenital heart disease In Shijiazhuang and Langfang counties, the incidence was relatively high; (3) counties (cities, districts) with higher incidences of neural tube defects and total cleft lip were mostly mountainous and dam; (4) Shijiazhuang, Tangshan area counties (cities, districts) relatively high incidence; (5) the outer ear deformity, congenital hydrocephalus, hypospadias, clubfoot, and finger (toe), cleft palate in the geographical distribution of no significant distribution feature. Conclusion The use of geographic information system to draw a map of birth defects can be more intuitive to reflect the geographical distribution of major birth defects and birth defects in various regions of the level.