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目的:调查了解某地区妊娠妇女妊娠期营养状况、营养认知水平及其影响因素。方法:随机抽取妊娠妇女500例,采用问卷形式,调查妊娠期营养状况、对妊娠期营养的认知情况和知识来源。妊娠妇女对妊娠期营养的认知水平以选择题问答的方式测试,按照统一标准进行评分,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果:(1)本组500例妊娠期每天主食仍多为面食、米饭及粗粮,同时补充了丰富的蔬菜和水果,而对蛋白质,尤其是奶类、豆类蛋白每天摄入量不足。(2)均认为饮食对自身健康和胎儿生长发育很重要;有79.6%看过妊娠期营养相关书籍,有89.8%认为妊娠前与妊娠后所需营养不同;有88.8%在妊娠期特别注意摄入对胎儿有益的食物,有11.2%不是很注意。妊娠期营养知识的首要来源是书籍,占60.0%。(3)不同年龄、户籍及婚姻状况,妊娠期营养认知水平分值比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);不同文化程度、职业、月收入及配偶职业,妊娠期营养认知水平分值比较,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:本地区妊娠期妇女膳食结构欠合理,对妊娠期营养认知水平有待进一步提高,妊娠妇女职业、月收入和文化程度及配偶职业是影响妊娠期营养认知水平的重要因素。
Objective: To investigate the nutritional status, nutritional awareness and influencing factors of pregnant women in a certain area during pregnancy. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were randomly selected. The questionnaires were used to investigate the nutritional status during pregnancy and the nutritional status and knowledge source during pregnancy. Pregnant women on the cognitive level of pregnancy nutrition questions and answers to the multiple choice test questions, according to a uniform standard score, and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results: (1) The staple food of 500 cases during pregnancy was still mostly pasta, rice and coarse grains, supplemented with rich vegetables and fruits at the same time. However, daily intake of protein, especially milk and bean protein was not enough. (2) Both considered that diet was very important to their own health and fetal growth and development; 79.6% had read nutrition related books during pregnancy, 89.8% thought they needed nutrition before pregnancy and after pregnancy; 88.8% paid special attention during pregnancy Into the fetus beneficial food, 11.2% is not very attention. The primary source of nutritional knowledge during pregnancy is books, accounting for 60.0%. (3) There was no significant difference in scores of nutrition cognition in pregnancy between different ages, household registration and marital status (P> 0.05). The score of nutrition cognition in pregnancy, occupation, monthly income and spouse occupation The difference was significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: The dietary structure of pregnant women in this area is not reasonable and their cognitive level in pregnancy needs to be further improved. The occupational, monthly income and educational level of pregnant women and their spouses’ occupations are important factors that influence the cognition of nutritional status during pregnancy.