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环形RNA(circular RNA circRNA)是由前体RNA的3’末端和5’末端首尾相连形成的环状非编码RNA,可竞争内源性RNA,调节基因的表达。环形RNA在发现之初,被认为是由于错误剪接产生的,未引起重视,随着RNA测序和生物信息等技术的发展大量的环形RNA被发现,并逐渐成为非编码RNA的研究热点。虽然目前对其功能了解甚少,但已有的研究表明环形RNA可以对基因转录后进行调控。本文将从环形RNA的发现过程、形成机制、生物学功能、与疾病的关系以及研究中存在的问题进行综述,有助于进一步研究中心法则,同时为疾病诊治提供新的方向。
Circular RNA circRNA is a circular non-coding RNA that is formed by joining the 3 ’end and 5’ end of a precursor RNA in end-to-end form. It regulates endogenous RNA and regulates gene expression. At the beginning of discovery, circular RNA was considered to be due to mis-splicing, which caused no attention. With the development of RNA sequencing and bioinformatics, a large number of circular RNAs were found and became the hotspot of non-coding RNA. Although little is known about its function, previous studies have shown that circular RNA can regulate gene transcription. This review summarizes the process of discovery, formation mechanism, biological function, relationship with disease and the existing problems in the study of circular RNA, which will help to further study the central rules and provide a new direction for disease diagnosis and treatment.