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在当代学者张立文教授的说法中,“存天理、灭人欲”是宋明理学中的工夫之路,人们可以通过这六个字所代表的理念来完善自我。但是,“存天理、灭人欲”一方面作为宋明理学家所推崇的进行自我修养的方法得到一众人的支持,另一方面也受到后世极大的诟病,认为这是“以理杀人”的、压抑人性的一套主张。本文试图通过探索“存天理、灭人欲”这句话的本义和演变过程,分析后世对其误解和批判的主要论点,并说明其合理性和局限性之所在。
In the view of contemporary scholar Professor Zhang Li-wen, “Living in Nature and Destroying Desires” is the road of work in the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties. People can perfect themselves through the concepts represented by these six words. However, on the one hand, the method of self-cultivation advocated by Neo-Confucianism won the support of all people on the one hand, and on the other hand, it was greatly criticized by later generations as “ Kill murder ”, a set of ideas that depress humanity. This paper attempts to analyze the main arguments of misunderstanding and criticism of future generations by exploring the original meaning and evolutionary process of the sentence of “existentialism and annihilation” and explain its rationality and limitations.