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目的了解湘西土家族苗族自治州的土家族和苗族中学生健康危险行为现状及差异,为少数民族地区健康教育有效开展提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取湘西州凤凰、泸溪、永顺和龙山县8所中学的2 094名土家族和苗族中学生,对其吸烟、饮酒、非故意伤害、故意伤害、不良饮食、缺乏体育锻炼、精神成瘾等健康危险行为进行问卷调查。结果土家族和苗族中学生尝试吸烟报告率为25.35%～70.14%,13岁以前开始吸烟报告率为12.56%～48.73%,尝试饮酒报告率为48.60%～77.74%,学习压力大报告率为17.09%～38.59%,不喝牛奶报告率为28.95%～54.01%,缺乏体育锻炼报告率为58.03%～72.35%;土家族中学生尝试饮酒(70.05%)、学习压力大(31.09%)、做功课≥3 h/d(21.47%)的报告率均高于苗族,苗族中学生现在吸烟(22.42%)、严重吸烟(3.06%)、现在饮酒(32.36%)、重度饮酒(14.78%)、到非安全场所游泳(38.09%)、常喝饮料(18.22%)、常吃甜食(36.69%)、常吃快餐(5.10%)、不喝牛奶(46.11%)、不吃早餐(10.57%)、经常看电视(51.08%)的报告率均高于土家族,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论针对土家族和苗族中学生不同群体健康危险行为发生的不同突出问题提出相应的干预措施,以预防和控制健康危险行为的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo and differences of health risk behaviors of Tujia and Miao middle school students in Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in western Hunan Province and to provide evidence for the effective implementation of health education in ethnic minority areas. Methods A total of 2 094 Tujia and Miao middle school students from 8 middle schools in Fenghuang, Luxi, Yongshun and Yongsan County of Xiangxi were stratified and stratified randomly for smoking, drinking, unintentional injury, intentional injury, poor diet, lack of physical exercise , Psychiatric addiction and other health risk behavior questionnaire. Results Tujia and Miao middle school students reported smoking rates of 25.35% -70.14%, those who started smoking before the age of 13 were 12.56% ~ 48.73%, those who tried drinking reported 48.60% ~ 77.74%, and those who reported learning stress were 17.09% ~ 38.59%, report rate of non-drinking milk was 28.95% ~ 54.01%, report rate of lack of physical exercise was 58.03% ~ 72.35%; Tujia middle school students tried alcohol drinking (70.05%), study pressure was big (31.09% (21.47%) were higher than that of Miao nationality. Miao middle school students now smoke (22.42%), severe smoking (3.06%), now drinking (32.36%) and heavy drinking (14.78%), swimming to unsafe places (38.09%), drink regularly (18.22%), eat sweets (36.69%), eat fast food (5.10%), do not drink milk (46.11%), do not eat breakfast %) Were higher than the Tujia nationality, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Aiming at the different prominent problems of different groups’ health risk behaviors among Tujia and Miao middle school students, this paper puts forward the corresponding interventions to prevent and control the occurrence of health risk behaviors.