【摘 要】
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The beneficial or deleterious effects of nanomedicines emerge from their complex interac-tions with intracellular pathways and their subcellular fate.Moreover,the dynamic nature of plasma membrane accounts for the movement of these nanocarriers within the
【机 构】
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Department of Pharmacy,Birla Institute of Technology and Science(BITS-PILANI),Pilani,Rajasthan 33303
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The beneficial or deleterious effects of nanomedicines emerge from their complex interac-tions with intracellular pathways and their subcellular fate.Moreover,the dynamic nature of plasma membrane accounts for the movement of these nanocarriers within the cell towards different organelles thereby not only influencing their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but also bioavail-ability,therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.Therefore,an in-depth understanding of underlying parameters controlling nanocarrier endocytosis and intracellular fate is essential.In order to direct nanoparticles to-wards specific sub-cellular organelles the physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers can be manipulated.These include particle size,shape and surface charge/chemistry.Restricting the particle size of nanocar-riers below 200 nm contributes to internalization via clathrin and caveolae mediated pathways.Similarly,a moderate negative surface potential confers endolysosomal escape and targeting towards mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)and Golgi.This review aims to provide an insight into these physicochem-ical attributes of nanocarriers fabricated using amphiphilic graft copolymers affecting cellular internali-zation.Fundamental principles understood from experimental studies have been extrapolated to draw a general conclusion for the designing of optimized nanoparticulate drug delivery systems and enhanced intracellular uptake via specific endocytic pathway.
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