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脑血管疾病是成人中最为常见的神经疾患,而高血压是其主要病因。与高血压有关的脑血管综合征可分为两大类,一类具有若干可能的病因,高血压只是其中之一,另一类则单纯是由高血压所产生。第一类综合征的基本病理过程是颈部一些大的颅外动脉以及颅底动脉的动脉粥样硬化。虽然高血压是造成动脉粥样硬化的一个显要的易患因素,但是其他因素如糖尿病、血清胆固醇与甘油三酯增高、吸烟、遗传素质,以及口服避孕药等也都可能是重要的原因。广泛的动脉粥样硬化可以在没有高血压的情况下发生。血栓形成性与栓塞性脑卒中就是属于这一类的临床综合征。
Cerebrovascular disease is the most common neurological disorder in adults, and hypertension is its major cause. Hypertension-related cerebrovascular syndrome can be divided into two broad categories, one with a number of possible causes, hypertension is only one of them, and the other is simply caused by high blood pressure. The first type of syndrome, the basic pathological process is the neck of some large extracranial arteries and atherosclerosis of the skull base artery. Although high blood pressure is a significant predisposing factor for atherosclerosis, other factors such as diabetes, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides, smoking, genetic predisposition, and oral contraceptives may also be important causes. A wide range of atherosclerosis can occur without hypertension. Thrombosis and embolic stroke belong to this category of clinical syndrome.