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阿片类制剂特别是吗啡具有较强的镇痛作用。但是反复使用时,它们的一些药理效应如:镇痛、降体温等便明显降低。只有增加药物剂量才能保持其原有的药理作用,这种现象称为耐受。反复使用还可造成机体对药物形成依赖性即成瘾,当突然停止药物使用或使用阿片受体阻断剂(如纳洛酮)阻断药物作用时,可以引起激惹、失眠、恶心、腹痛和衰弱等一系列戒断症状。在动物身上也可出现激惹、跳跃、腹泻、流涎、体重下降和体温降低等戒断行为
Opiates, especially morphine, have a strong analgesic effect. However, repeated use, some of their pharmacological effects such as: analgesic, hypothermia will be significantly reduced. Only by increasing the dosage of drugs to maintain its original pharmacological effects, this phenomenon is called tolerance. Repeated use can also cause the body to become dependent on drug dependence, which can cause irritability, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain when sudden stopping of drug use or opiate receptor blockers (eg naloxone) block the effects of drugs And weakness and a series of withdrawal symptoms. In animals, irritation, jumping, diarrhea, salivation, weight loss and hypothermia may also occur