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目的探讨采石工人累积接尘量与肺功能的关系,以期为保护采石工人的健康提供参考。方法选择辽宁锦州市某3家企业采石场的656名采石工人为观察组,338名无接尘史的健康工人为对照组。两组研究对象均进行基础资料调查,同时检查两组研究对象的第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分率(FEV1%)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC),比较两组研究对象肺功能的差异以及不同剂量累积接尘量与采石工人肺功能的关系。结果观察组肺功能异常率明显高于对照组(35.21%vs 10.06%,χ~2=46.532,P=0.000)。观察组作业环境中游离二氧化硅含量、呼吸性粉尘分散度以及粉尘浓度均比对照组高(P均<0.01)。观察组工人的FEV1%、FEV1、FVC水平均明显比对照组低(P均<0.05);且随着工龄增加,观察组工人的FEV1%、FEV1、FVC水平均逐渐降低(P均<0.01)。随着累积接尘量的逐渐增加,观察组工人肺功能累计异常率也随之升高。当累积接尘量在1 000~1 700 mg/(m~3·年)区间时,工人肺功能累计异常率增加。Pearson相关分析显示,采石工人肺功能累计异常率与累积接尘量存在明显正相关性(r=0.761,P=0.000)。结论与无接尘史工人比较,采石工人的肺功能明显下降,且随着累积接尘量的增加,其肺功能累计异常率逐渐增高。
Objective To explore the relationship between quarry dust accumulated volume and lung function, in order to provide a reference for the protection of quarry health. Methods 656 quarry workers in a quarry of 3 enterprises in Jinzhou City of Liaoning Province were selected as observation group and 338 healthy workers without history of dust collection were selected as control group. The baseline data of the two groups were investigated. The FEV1%, FEV1, FVC, FEV1, The differences of lung function between the two groups were compared, and the relationship between dust accumulation and the lung function of quarry workers was also analyzed. Results The lung function abnormality rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.21% vs 10.06%, χ ~ 2 = 46.532, P = 0.000). In the observation group, free silica content, respirable dust dispersibility and dust concentration in the working environment were higher than those in the control group (all P <0.01). The FEV1%, FEV1 and FVC levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P <0.05), and the FEV1%, FEV1 and FVC levels in the observation group were gradually decreased with the increase of seniority (P <0.01) . With the gradual increase in the cumulative amount of dust, the cumulative abnormal lung function of the observation group workers also increased. When accumulated dust amount is between 1 000 and 1 700 mg / (m ~ 3 · year), the cumulative abnormal lung function of workers increases. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between accumulative anomalies of lung function and dust accumulation among quarry workers (r = 0.761, P = 0.000). Conclusion Compared with workers without dust exposure, quarry workers’ pulmonary function decreased obviously. With the increase of dust accumulation, the cumulative abnormal rate of lung function gradually increased.