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目的考核利福喷丁（Ｌ）的疗效；缩短疗程或全程间歇以减少用药次数；观察全程应用吡嗪酰胺（Ｚ）对疗效及毒副反应的影响。方法以利福平（Ｒ）为对照，采用５个月疗程方案（Ⅰ组２ＳＨＲＺ／３Ｒ２Ｈ２Ｚ２，Ⅱ组２ＳＨＲＺ／３Ｌ１Ｈ２Ｚ２）、６个月全间歇方案（Ⅲ组２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｌ１Ｈ２Ｚ２，Ⅳ组２Ｓ３Ｈ３Ｒ３Ｚ３／４Ｌ１Ｈ２Ｅ２），观察Ｚ的全程应用结果，巩固期以乙胺丁醇（Ｅ）为对照。３６６例初治菌阳肺结核随机分入以上４组。结果（１）３３９例完成疗程者中３２９例治疗成功，满疗程时痰菌阴转率Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别为９７０％、９４１％、１０００％、９７２％。Ｘ线病灶有效率依序为９６０％、９７６％、１０００％和９４４％。５个月组与６个月组空洞关闭率分别为７７％及７６％。各组相互比较均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），未见严重副作用。（２）３０５例完成３年随访，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组细菌学加Ｘ线复发分别为２、３、６和３例。结论本研究结果进一步证明Ｌ是长效、高效、安全、便于督导的新药；巩固期用Ｚ无必要；现有基本药物合理联用有可能缩短疗程为５个月，值得进一步研究。
Objective To assess the efficacy of rifapentine (L); shorten the course of treatment or intermittent to reduce the number of medication; observe the full application of pyrazinamide (Z) on the efficacy and side effects. Methods Rifampicin (R) was used as a control and a 5-month regimen (group 2SHRZ / 3R2H2Z2, group ⅡSHRZ / 3L1H2Z2) and a 6-month full-dose regimen (groupⅢS3H3R3Z3 / 4L1H2Z2 and groupⅣS3H3R3Z3 / 4L1H2E2) , Observed the full application of Z results, the consolidation period to ethambutol (E) as a control. 366 cases of newly diagnosed bacillary positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly divided into the above 4 groups. Results (1) Of the 339 patients who completed the treatment, 329 patients were successfully treated. The rates of sputum negative conversion rate Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ were 970%, 941%, 1000% and 972% respectively at the full course of treatment. The effective rate of X-ray lesion was 960%, 976%, 1000% and 944%. The void closure rates in the 5-month and 6-month groups were 77% and 76%, respectively. There was no significant difference between each group (P> 0.05), no serious side effects. (2) 305 cases completed 3 years follow-up. The bacteriological and X-ray recurrent rates of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 2, 3, 6 and 3 respectively. Conclusion The results of this study further prove that L is a new drug with long-lasting, high-efficiency, safe and easy-to-supervise. It is not necessary to use Z in the consolidation period. It is worth further research that the existing combination of essential drugs may shorten the course of treatment for 5 months.