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从20世纪90年代初,有关核材料非法交易的案例开始见诸报道。随着核材料非法交易的频繁发生,核不扩散形势变得十分严峻。为了应对此种情形,一门新的学科—核取证学应运而生。核取证学通过对核材料与放射性材料的分析,追溯可疑样品的来源。核材料中含有杂质种类及含量往往有明显的地域特征,可作为材料的指示信息。由于杂质在核材料中的含量较低,因此需要高灵敏度的分析方法,目前常用测量方法是使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪加以定量分析。
From the early 1990s, cases of illegal trade in nuclear materials began to be reported. With the frequent occurrence of illegal trade in nuclear materials, the nuclear non-proliferation situation has become very serious. In order to cope with this situation, a new discipline - forensics came into being. Nuclear evidence-based research traces the origin of suspect samples through the analysis of nuclear and radioactive materials. The types and contents of impurities contained in nuclear materials tend to have obvious regional characteristics, which can be used as the indication information of materials. Due to the low content of impurities in the nuclear material, high-sensitivity analytical methods are needed. Currently, the commonly used measurement methods are quantitative analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.