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【目的】探讨早期健全人格培养对儿童气质变化的影响,了解干预组与对照组不同月龄组儿童气质维度的差异性,为指导儿童早期综合发展,提供科学依据。【方法】选取2009-2011年儿保科早期综合发展特需门诊亲子会员192名0～3岁儿童参与早期健全人格培养的研究为干预组,门诊体检的儿童随机抽样212名为对照组,按年龄分为1～4个月、5～11个月、1～3岁,采用儿童气质测试软件进行分析。【结果】干预组与对照组儿童气质类型在1～4个月、5～11个月差异无统计学意义,1～3岁差异有统计学意义,干预组有易养倾向。干预组与对照组不同年龄气质维度差异比较,随年龄的增长,节律性、趋避性、适应性、情绪本质有差异。随着干预时间延长,儿童干预后比干预前表现出活动水平降低、节律性好、情绪更积极、注意力不易分散、适应能力减弱、坚持性降低、反应阈高的气质特征(P值均<0.05)。【结论】气质虽然是比较稳定的个性心理特征,但其在后天生活环境和教育的影响下,在一定程度上是可以改变的,了解气质发展的可变性,对培养婴幼儿健全人格有重要意义。
【Objective】 To investigate the influence of early healthy personality training on the changes of children’s temperament and to understand the difference of temperament dimension of children in different months in intervention group and control group and to provide scientific basis for guiding the early comprehensive development of children. 【Methods】 A total of 192 children aged 0-3 years who participated in the early and healthy personality training were enrolled as the intervention group. 212 children from the outpatient examination were randomly selected as the control group. According to the age group For 1 to 4 months, 5 to 11 months, 1 to 3 years old, using children’s temperament testing software for analysis. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in the temperament types between the intervention group and the control group in 1 ~ 4 months and 5 ~ 11 months. There was a significant difference between 1 ~ 3 years old in the intervention group and the tendency of susceptibility in the intervention group. Compared with the difference of temperament dimension of different age groups in intervention group and control group, with the increase of age, rhythmicity, avoidance, adaptability and emotional essence are different. With the prolongation of intervention time, children’s intervention showed a lower level of activity, better rhythmicity, more positive emotions, less distracting attention, weaker adaptability, lower adherence, and higher response threshold than before intervention (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Although the temperament is a relatively stable personality traits, it can be changed to some extent under the influence of acquired living environment and education. Understanding the variability of the development of temperament is of great significance to cultivating the perfect personality of infants and toddlers .