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在长期的语言接触中,汉语对维吾尔语语音、词汇、语义和语法均产生了较大的影响,维吾尔语吸收了大量汉语词。关于维吾尔语借用汉语词的研究有利于全面深入地研究汉语-维吾尔语相互接触与影响的模式、范围和程度。文章从接触语言学和描写语言学的角度出发,简要归纳和分析了现代维吾尔语借用汉语词语音、结构和语义方面的规律。维吾尔语在借用汉语词汇时,语音上用“改”“增”“减”等方式进行调适;结构上,汉语较普遍地以词为语言单位被借入维吾尔语,派生词和复合词以原结构形式被借入维吾尔语;语义上,大多数汉语词以原义被借入,成为维吾尔语词汇的一部分,但也有部分会在语义上出现缩小、扩大或转移等现象。
In the long-term language contact, Chinese has a great influence on Uyghur pronunciation, vocabulary, semantics and grammar. Uyghur language absorbs a large number of Chinese words. The research on the Uyghur borrowing of Chinese words is conducive to a comprehensive and in-depth study on the pattern, scope and extent of the mutual contact and influence between Chinese language and Uyghur language. From the perspective of contact linguistics and descriptive linguistics, the article briefly summarizes and analyzes the laws governing the borrowing of Chinese words, structure and semantics in modern Uyghur language. In terms of borrowing Chinese words, Uyghur language is adjusted in terms of “”, “”, “”, “”, “”, etc. In structure, Chinese is more commonly borrowed into Uyghur as a unit of speech, In the semantic sense, most Chinese words are borrowed in the original meaning and become part of the Uyghur vocabulary. However, some of the Chinese words appear to shrink, expand or shift semantically.