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具有刺激响应特性的高分子材料是目前高分子研究中的重要领域。机械力作为一种新型的刺激源,具有与传统光、热等刺激源不同的特点。机械应力刺激可以从来源上分为宏观机械力与微观机械力,宏观机械力早在人类发展初期已被广泛用于高分子材料的处理。而微观机械力对高分子作用的原理和应用近年来才逐渐成为研究重点。本文从高分子机械力响应的原理出发,分类阐述了各种机械力响应系统。其中,按照断裂的化学键将其分为共价键体系和非共价键体系。而共价键体系可以进一步按照环状结构与线型结构分为两大类。此外,本文还总结了已有应用,包括用于应力拆分外消旋体、应力活化催化剂及应力用于研究反应机理等。
Polymer materials with stimuli-responsive properties are an important area in polymer research. Mechanical force as a new type of stimulus, with the traditional light, heat and other sources of different characteristics. Mechanical stress stimulation can be divided into macroscopic mechanical force and micro mechanical force from the source. Macroscopic mechanical force has been widely used in the early stage of human development for the treatment of polymer materials. The principle and application of micro-mechanical force on polymer have gradually become the focus of research in recent years. In this paper, starting from the principle of macromolecule mechanical response, the paper presents a variety of mechanical response systems. Among them, according to the broken chemical bonds it is divided into covalent bond system and non-covalent bond system. The covalent bond system can be further divided into two broad categories according to the ring structure and linear structure. In addition, this article also summarizes the existing applications, including the use of stress resolution racemic, stress-activated catalysts and stress used to study the reaction mechanism.