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为了培育出矮化、早实、丰产、优质等综合性状优于绿岭的核桃新品种,以绿岭核桃为亲本与辽宁1号、绿早进行杂交,测定了正反交组合374个杂交单株的13个性状,并对其进行了遗传分析,结果表明:杂交后代的表型性状具有较高的遗传多样性,各性状的变异系数均在17%以上,最高达72.40%;而果实相关性状的变异系数除可溶性蛋白质之外,均在20%以下。青皮率和脂肪含量的遗传传递力在4个杂交组合中均大于97%,其遗传受加性效应影响较大。果实相关性状的广义遗传力均在90%以上,说明其在遗传上是比较稳定的,可以在早代进行选择。从杂交后代中初选21个优株,采用主成分分析的方法,对其进行评价和优株选择。结果表明,以性状的累积方差贡献率达到74.3%,确定了4个反映核桃主要性状的主成分;通过计算各单株的综合评价值,在供试的21个优株中,选出了3个综合性状优良的单株,其结果与单株的实际表型相近;并发现短结果枝率、矮化指数和节间长度3个指标能够反映出核桃的矮化优良性状。
In order to breed new varieties of walnut better than dwarfing, early-fruiting, high yielding, high-quality, and so on, The results showed that the phenotypic traits of hybrid progenies were highly genetic diversity with the coefficient of variation of all traits being above 17% and the highest reaching 72.40%, while the fruit-related The coefficient of variation of traits was below 20% except soluble protein. The genetic transmission power of greenbelt percentage and fat content was more than 97% in four crosses, and its inheritance was greatly influenced by additive effect. The general heritability of fruit-related traits are above 90%, indicating that they are relatively stable genetically, which can be selected in the early generation. 21 elite individuals were selected from the hybrid progenies, and the principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the elite strains. The results showed that with the contribution rate of accumulative variance of traits reaching 74.3%, four principal components reflecting the main characters of walnut were identified. By calculating the comprehensive evaluation value of each individual plant, among the 21 superior strains tested, 3 The results showed that the single plant with good overall trait had the same phenotype as the actual plant phenotype. The results showed that three indexes, short shoot index, dwarfing index and internode length, could reflect the dwarfing trait of walnut.