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近几年来,铁路在加快改革、走向市场、转换经营机制、建立现代企业制度等方面,进行了许多有益的探索,并在工业、基建等系统取得了可喜的进展。从总体上说,作为铁路企业主体的铁路运输企业(路局、分局),改革的步子还不大,面临着许多矛盾和难题。究其深层原因都源于国家政策的过分约束和铁路管理机构的失调,特别是铁道部政企不分。本文拟就如何认识铁路的政企分开?怎样才能实现铁路的政企分开?需要中央哪些政策支持?以及一些相关问题,谈些粗浅看法。
In recent years, the railway has conducted many beneficial explorations in such fields as speeding up reforms, moving to the market, transforming its management mechanism and establishing a modern enterprise system. The railway has made gratifying progress in industrial and infrastructure projects. Generally speaking, as the railway transport enterprises (railway administrations and sub-bureaus) that are the mainstay of railway enterprises, the pace of reform is not large and faces many contradictions and difficulties. The underlying causes are all due to the excessive restraint of state policies and the imbalances of the railway administration agencies, especially the government and enterprises of the Ministry of Railways. This article intends to know how to separate the government from the railway enterprise, how to separate the railway from the government enterprise, which policy support the central government needs, and some related issues.