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目的:了解老年人肺炎病原体中肺炎克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌,鲍曼不动杆菌,嗜麦芽窄养食单胞菌的感染发生率及危害性,提出预防措施。方法:指导并辅助患者留取合格痰标本送细菌室做痰培养和药物敏感试验并进行统计学处理。结果:57例老年人肺炎中,合格标本培养优势菌中度以上生长肺炎克雷伯杆菌1例,感染率1.7%;铜绿假单胞菌5例,感染率8.7%;鲍曼不动杆菌3例,感染率5.2%;嗜麦芽窄养食单胞菌2例,感染率3.5%。老年人肺炎存在多重感染,两种以上病原体感染占68.4%,有基础疾病,多次住院,长期卧床和营养不良、咳痰无力和误吸是易感因素。结论:老年人肺炎中,条件致病菌感染率升高,可有多重感染,预后差,病死率高。在临床工作中,应严格执行消毒隔离制度,控制感染率,降低病死率。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence and risk of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in elderly pneumoniae and to provide preventive measures. Methods: To guide and assist patients to take qualified sputum specimens sent to the bacteria room for sputum culture and drug sensitivity test and statistical analysis. Results: Of the 57 elderly pneumonia, the predominant bacteria were cultured in moderate grade and more Klebsiella pneumoniae in one case, the infection rate was 1.7%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5 cases, the infection rate was 8.7%; Acinetobacter baumannii 3 Cases, the infection rate of 5.2%; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in 2 cases, the infection rate of 3.5%. There are multiple infections in elderly pneumonia. Two or more pathogens accounted for 68.4%. There were underlying diseases, multiple hospitalizations, prolonged bed rest and malnutrition, and weakness and aspiration of sputum were the predisposing factors. Conclusion: In the pneumonia of the elderly, the infection rate of opportunistic pathogens increases, which may lead to multiple infections. The prognosis is poor and the case fatality rate is high. In clinical work, disinfection and isolation system should be strictly implemented to control the infection rate and reduce the case fatality rate.