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真菌是真核生物中的一大类群,包含酵母、霉菌之类的微生物,及最为人熟知的蘑菇类。真菌自成一界,与植物、动物和原生生物相区别。真菌和其他三种生物最大不同之处在于其细胞壁的主要成分为几丁质,而植物的细胞壁主要由纤维素组成。据保守估计,真菌起源于约4亿年前,但近期的一些研究报告了可能是14亿年前的真菌的化石证据。有人提出,真核生物在约27亿年前就已演化出来,但目前已知最早的真核生物化石卷曲藻只有19亿年历史。近期,研
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes that contain microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and the most familiar mushrooms. Fungus is a world that distinguishes plants, animals and protists. The biggest difference between the fungus and the other three organisms is that the major component of the cell wall is chitin, while the cell wall of the plant consists mainly of cellulose. According to conservative estimates, the fungus originated about 400 million years ago, but recent studies have reported fossil evidence that may be some 1.4 billion years ago. It has been suggested that eukaryotes evolved about 2.7 billion years ago, but the earliest known eucarytic fossil curl is 1.9 billion years old. Recently, research