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微小RNA(miRNA)是一类高度保守的非编码小RNA,可作用于转录及转录后调控基因的表达。miRNA参与许多生物途径,可发挥癌基因或抑癌基因的作用。miRNA相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)对于肿瘤的发生、发展有一定影响,并与肿瘤的早期诊断、预后和治疗相关。本文综述了近年来发现的miRNA相关SNP与肿瘤关系的研究,并从miRNA基因自身多态性和miRNA靶基因的SNP两方面论述其对不同肿瘤的影响和作用。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, non-coding small RNAs that act on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are involved in many biological pathways and function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. miRNA related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have some influence on the occurrence and development of tumors, and are related to the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of tumors. This review summarizes the recent studies on the relationship between miRNA-associated SNPs and tumors, and discusses the effects and roles of miRNA-related SNPs on different tumors based on their own polymorphisms and SNPs of miRNA target genes.