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一、引言可靠性是指产品在规定的条件下和规定的时间内完成规定功能的能力。这一能力用概率度量即为可靠度R。可靠性研究的核心问题是:实际系统在寿命期内发生故障或失效的概率。可靠性问题的提出,最初是从军用航空部门开始的。第二次世界大战期间,美国空军因为飞行故障事故而损失的飞机比被击落的飞机多1.5倍。美军运往远东的电子设备在运输和保管过程中,也有半数以上因不能使用而报废。这种产品未经使用但经过一定时间后就失效,以及在使用中失效率高的事实,使美军从1943年开始,由军队、学术界和生产厂联合组成小组进行可靠性研究。1952年11月美国国防部成
I. INTRODUCTION Reliability refers to the ability of a product to fulfill prescribed functions within the prescribed conditions and within the prescribed time. This ability to measure the probability of reliability R. The core issue of reliability research is the probability of failure or failure of the actual system over its lifetime. The issue of reliability began with the military aviation department initially. During the Second World War, the U.S. Air Force lost 1.5 times more aircraft than the aircraft it downed due to a flight accident. More than half of the electronic equipment shipped to the Far East by the U.S. military during transport and custody has been scrapped because of its inability to use it. The fact that this product has not been used but has lapsed after a certain period of time and that its failure rate has been high during its use has enabled the U.S. military to conduct a reliability study since 1943 by a team composed of the military, academia and manufacturing plants. November 1952 United States Department of Defense into