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目的:了解孕妇对预防出生缺陷的知识、态度、行为情况,为进一步完善婚前保健、孕前保健及围产期保健服务提出合理化建议,提高出生人口素质。方法:采用分层抽样和随机抽样的方法,抽取深圳市龙岗区三个街道的90例孕期妇女作为调查对象,利用自行设计的调查表,进行面对面问卷调查,了解孕期妇女出生缺陷的知信行(KAP)情况。结果:文化层次高的孕妇,夫妇双方婚前医学检查率明显高于文化水平低者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.771 7,P<0.05);文化程度越高的孕妇对孕期保健、预防出生缺陷知识掌握得越多。对孕期“保持良好心情”的知晓率以月收入4 000～7 000元组最高(95.00%),月收入7 000元以上组的知晓率最低(61.54%);在孕期“注意少接触农药/油漆”及“注意少接触猫狗等”行为方面也有不同,家庭人均月收入越高的孕妇对上述行为的重视程度越高。结论:文化程度与家庭经济状况是孕期妇女掌握出生缺陷相关知识的影响因素。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pregnant women on the prevention of birth defects and to put forward reasonable suggestions for further improvement of prenuptial care, prenatal care and perinatal health care services so as to improve the quality of the population born. Methods: By stratified sampling and random sampling method, 90 pregnant women in three streets of Longgang District of Shenzhen were selected as the survey subjects. Face-to-face questionnaires were used to investigate the knowledge of the birth defects of pregnant women during pregnancy KAP) situation. Results: The premarital medical examination rates of pregnant women and couples with high cultural level were significantly higher than those with lower education level (χ2 = 6.771 7, P <0.05). Pregnant women with higher education level had better prenatal care, Defect knowledge to master more. The awareness rate of pregnant women during the “good mood” was the lowest (61.54%) in the group with the monthly income of 4 000-7 000 yuan and the lowest monthly income of more than 7 000 yuan (61.54%); Exposure to pesticides / paints “and” pay less attention to cats and dogs ", etc. The higher the monthly per capita income of pregnant women, the higher the degree of emphasis on these behaviors. Conclusions: The educational level and family economic status are the influencing factors for pregnant women to master the knowledge about birth defects.