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目的了解西安市2~5岁儿童麻疹、风疹抗体水平并分析其影响因素,为制定免疫策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样在西安市抽取2~5岁儿童进行麻疹、风疹血清流行病学调查,收集儿童社会人口学特征及免疫史等信息,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹Ig G抗体浓度。结果共调查505名2~5岁儿童,麻疹、风疹Ig G抗体阳性率分别为95.8%、83.2%;抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为1 258.9 mI U/ml、45.1 IU/ml。年龄与麻疹抗体滴度间呈负相关(rs=-0.119,P=0.008);0、1、≥2剂次MCV免疫儿童的麻疹抗体阳性率分别为60.0%、100.0%、96.1%(!2=8.134,P=0.027)。郊县、城乡结合区、中心城区儿童的风疹抗体阳性率分别为77.6%、82.7%、88.4%(!2=7.058,P=0.029)。农村儿童风疹抗体阳性率(80.3%)低于城镇学龄前儿童(87.5%)(!2=4.439,P=0.035);农村儿童风疹抗体GMC(39.9 IU/ml)低于城镇(54.6 IU/ml)(Z=2.001,P=0.045)。结论西安市2~5岁儿童麻疹抗体阳性率较高,但风疹抗体水平较低。建议对2~5岁儿童加强常规免疫与查漏补种工作,特别是农村地区的风疹疫苗接种工作。
Objective To understand the levels of measles and rubella antibodies in children aged 2 ~ 5 years in Xi’an and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for formulating immunization strategies. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to detect the epidemiology of measles and rubella in children from 2 to 5 years old in Xi’an. The demographic characteristics and immune history of children were collected. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect measles, rubella Ig G antibody concentration. Results A total of 505 children aged 2 to 5 years were enrolled. The positive rates of measles and rubella Ig G antibodies were 95.8% and 83.2%, respectively. The geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs) were 1 258.9 mIU / ml and 45.1 IU / ml, respectively. (Rs = -0.119, P = 0.008). The positive rates of measles antibody in children immunized with 0, 1, and 2 doses of MCV were 60.0%, 100.0% and 96.1%, respectively = 8.134, P = 0.027). The positive rates of rubella antibodies in suburban counties, urban-rural areas and downtown areas were 77.6%, 82.7% and 88.4%, respectively (2 = 7.058, P = 0.029). The positive rate of rubella antibody in rural children was lower than that of preschool children in cities and towns (80.3%) (87.5%, 2 = 4.439, P = 0.035); the GMC (39.9 IU / ml) ) (Z = 2.001, P = 0.045). Conclusion The positive rate of measles antibody in children aged 2 ~ 5 years in Xi’an is high, but the level of rubella antibody is low. It is recommended that regular immunization and leak detection and replanting should be strengthened for children aged 2 ~ 5 years, especially for rubella vaccination in rural areas.