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研究了一种在高压釜中湿法提取废汽车催化剂中铂的方法,提出了一种低能耗、低废物排放的高效回收废汽车催化剂中铂族金属的工艺流程。在145℃水浴及1 013.25kPa氧压条件下(总压1 418.55kPa),往釜内玻璃瓶中加入氧气和氢气预处理的废催化剂、盐酸、氯化钠、氯酸钠进行反应,以提取催化剂中铂。对釜内发生的铂提取的可能反应进行了推测,重点研究了先后用氧气和氢气氧化还原预处理催化剂对铂提取的影响。结果表明,未预处理废催化剂的铂提取率为82%。氧气和氢气预处理分别使铂提取率提高10%和6%。氧气预处理效果比氢气预处理效果更显著。优化的氧气预处理条件为:预处理温度300~400℃,预处理时间2.0h,氧气流量150~200mL/min;优化的氢气预处理条件为:预处理温度300~600℃,预处理时间2.0h,氢气流量150~250mL/min。在此优化条件下,铂提取率可达99%。
A method for the wet extraction of platinum from waste automobile catalysts in an autoclave was studied. A process for the efficient recovery of platinum group metals from waste automobile catalysts with low energy consumption and low waste emission was proposed. In a 145 ° C water bath and an oxygen pressure of 1 013.25 kPa (total pressure 1 418.55 kPa), waste catalyst pretreated with oxygen and hydrogen, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and sodium chlorate were added to the vial of the autoclave to extract Catalyst platinum. The possible reactions of platinum extraction occurred in the autoclave were speculated. The effects of the pretreatment of oxygen and hydrogen pretreatment catalysts on the extraction of platinum were studied emphatically. The results showed that the non-pretreatment of waste catalyst platinum extraction rate of 82%. Pretreatment with oxygen and hydrogen increased the platinum extraction by 10% and 6%, respectively. The oxygen pretreatment effect is more significant than the hydrogen pretreatment effect. The optimized conditions of oxygen pretreatment were as follows: pretreatment temperature 300 ~ 400 ℃, pretreatment time 2.0h, oxygen flow rate 150 ~ 200mL / min. Optimum hydrogen pretreatment conditions: pretreatment temperature 300 ~ 600 ℃, pretreatment time 2.0 h, hydrogen flow 150 ~ 250mL / min. Under this optimized condition, platinum extraction rate of up to 99%.