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为培育棉花细胞质雄性不育系,从1973年起用陆地棉与人工加倍获得的中棉同源四倍体杂交,以杂种(F_1)为母本,连续用陆地棉作为轮迴亲本回交,1979年获得F_1及四次回交后代,以此为材料研究F_1及其回交后代的育性遗传。中棉同源四倍体雄性全不育,用陆地棉花粉授粉可以成铃,成铃率显著高于中棉二倍体×陆地棉。中棉同源四倍体×陆地棉的F_1雌性高度不育,雄性完全不育;BC_1F_1雌雄配子育性更低于F_1;BC_2F_1雌配子育性迅速恢复,雄配子仍不育;BC_3F_1和BC_4F_1雌配子育性继续提高,雄配子育性发生分离,由BC_2F_1不育株所产生的BC_3F_1群体中,雄性不育株率为17.5％,由BC_3F_1不育株所产生的BC_4F_1群体雄性不育株率达66.6％。对F_1及回交各世代花粉粒形态和生活力作了鉴定,同时对F_1及回交各世代的花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行了观察。
In order to cultivate the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of cotton, the inbred line was crossed with artificially tetraploid G. hirsutum from 1973 onwards. The hybrid (F_1) was used as the female parent and the Upland cotton was used as the recurrent parent. F_1 and four backcross progeny were obtained in the year, which was used to study the fertility inheritance of F_1 and its backcross progenies. Cotton tetraploid male sterile, cotton pollination with inland cotton can be bolls, boll rate was significantly higher than the cotton × diploe × Upland Cotton. F_1 females with sterile tetraploid × upland cotton were highly infertile and males were completely sterile. The fertility of male and female gametes in BC_1F_1 was lower than that in F_1. Fertility of BC_2F_1 was rapidly restored and male gametes were still sterile. Female BC_3F_1 and BC_4F_1 Fertility of gametes continued to increase, and male gametes fertility segregated. Among BC_3F_1 populations derived from BC_2F_1 sterile plants, the rate of male sterile plants was 17.5%. The rate of male sterile plants of BC_4F_1 population from BC_3F_1 sterile plants was up to 66.6%. The morphology and viability of pollen grains in F_1 and backcross generations were identified. At the same time, meiosis of pollen mother cells in F1 and backcross generations were observed.