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Purpose:To study whether muscarinic receptor agonists can protect cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells against apoptosis induced by dexamethasone.Methods:The third to fifth passags of bovine trabecular meshwork cells were grown to confluence and incubated for 1～14 days in growth media with dexamethasone or pretreatment of pilocarpine or carbachol.The cultures were evaluated for apoptosis by phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, DNA laddering and flow cytometric analysis.Results :Dexamethasone (0.24～0.96 mmol·L-1) induced apoptosis of trabecular meshwork cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Before 0.48 mmol·L-1 dexamethasone-treatment, 1.84 mmol· L-1 of pilocarpine or 2.74 mmol· L-1 of carbachol added could significantly reduce apoptotic percentage. Conclusion: Muscarinie receptor agonists can protect cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells against apoptosis induced by dexamethasone. Eye Science 2004;20:42-47.