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以服务业为主要内容的第三产业,近二十年来在世界各国都有长足的发展。相比之下,我国的第三产业的发展速度是很慢的。固然,一方面是由于我国的生产力水平比较落后,第一、第二产业的劳动生产率比较低,限制着第三产业的发展;但另一方面则是因为商品生产理论的不彻底性——不承认服务的商品性——所造成的。为了推动和促进我国第三产业的迅速发展,我们认为,有必要认真探讨一下第三产业中服务的商品性问题。 关于“服务”的科学规定性 从政治经济学发展史来看,最早把服务引入经济理论之中,并赋予服务以特定经济内容的人,是英国古典政治经济学创始人威廉·配弟。他在《政治算术》中,由于把服务性收入计入国民收入之中,从而在统计学方面开创了“综合性生产”的统计观点,直到现在,还被世界上许多国家所运用。但在萨伊和巴师夏那里,服务成了他们论证资本主义制度和谐的主要概念。在他们看来,劳动是工人提供的服务,资本是资本家提供的服务,土地是地主提供的服务,这三种服务共同创造了商品的价值。因而工资、利润和地租是这三种服务各自应得的报酬。庸俗经济学甚至还把妓女、姘妃和拿千薪的官吏等活动行为都说成是服务。大概也就是从那时起,服务一词在经济学中开始声名狼籍。在我国,加之“四人帮”在十年动?
The tertiary industry with service industry as the main content has made great strides in all countries in the world in the past 20 years. In contrast, the development of China's tertiary industry is very slow. Although, on the one hand, the backwardness of the productive forces in our country and the relatively low labor productivity of the primary and secondary industries restrict the development of the tertiary industry; on the other hand, the incompleteness of the theory of commodity production - Recognize the commercial nature of service - caused. In order to promote and promote the rapid development of the tertiary industry in our country, we think it is necessary to seriously discuss the issue of the commodity in service in the tertiary industry. Scientific Provisions on “Service” From the history of political economy, the earliest person who introduced service into economic theory and gave it service to a specific economic content was William Buddy, founder of classical political economy in England. In “Political Arithmetic”, he counted the statistical income of service income as a measure of national income, and thus has been used by many countries in the world. But in Say and Bašath, service became their primary conception of the harmony of the capitalist system. In their view, labor is the service provided by the worker, capital is the service provided by the capitalist, the land is the service provided by the landlord, and all three services together create the value of the good. Therefore, wages, profits and rent are the respective remunerations for these three services. Vulgar economics even described the activities of prostitutes, widowers and paid officials as services. Probably since then, the term service has started to become infamous in economics. In our country, combined with the “Gang of Four,” we have moved in the past ten years.