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自1969年丹麦学者Rygaard首次将人类肿瘤移植于无胸腺裸小鼠以来,几乎所有类型的人类肿瘤均在免疫缺陷裸小鼠或裸大鼠体内建立了移植模型。在肿瘤研究中,已从观察肿瘤的可移植性、肿瘤的组织学特征扩展到研究肿瘤的生物学特征,诸如浸润、转移、肿瘤产物和肿瘤与宿主的相互作用。在肿瘤化疗实验研究中,这些模型亦在筛选抗肿瘤新药和采取更合理的剂量以指导临床治疗两方面发挥越来越大的作用。上述人类肿瘤——免疫缺陷动物实验模型的建立,多采用将人类肿瘤移植于裸鼠皮下的方法,这种方法操作简单,易于观察。此外,部分学者还将肿瘤细胞接种于腹腔、肾包膜下及脑内。通过这些方法所建立的移
Almost all types of human tumors have been established in immunodeficient nude or nude mice since the Danish scholar Rygaard first transplanted human tumors into athymic nude mice in 1969. In tumor research, it has been extended from observing tumor portability, the histological features of the tumor to studying the biological characteristics of the tumor, such as invasion, metastasis, tumor products and the interaction of the tumor with the host. In the experimental study of tumor chemotherapy, these models also play an increasing role in screening new anti-tumor drugs and taking more reasonable dosage to guide clinical treatment. The human tumor-immunodeficiency animal model established, the more use of human tumors transplanted in the skin of nude mice, this method is simple and easy to observe. In addition, some scholars also inoculated tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity, renal capsule and brain. The migration established by these methods