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通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析和X射线衍射法对不同风化速度的煤矸石进行了研究,探讨煤矸石风化的机理。结果表明,煤矸石的风化速度与矸石的结构、元素组成、矿物质组成、重金属含量有关,易风化的矸石,结构松散,元素碳原子C、氧原子O、Al和Si含量较低,矿物质FeS2、FeS和SiO2含量高,重金属Hg和As含量高而Ni含量低。根据研究结果可以有效预判煤矸石的风化变化情况,对于煤矸石山植被恢复、生态重建和煤矿区生态环境改善具有重要意义。
The coal gangue with different weathering rates was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the mechanism of coal gangue weathering was discussed. The results show that the weathering rate of coal gangue is related to the structure, elemental composition, mineral composition and heavy metal content of gangue. The easily weathered gangue has loose structure, low content of elemental carbon atoms C, oxygen atoms O, Al and Si, FeS2, FeS and SiO2 content is high, heavy metals Hg and As content is high and Ni content is low. According to the results of the study, the weathering change of coal gangue can be effectively predicted, which is of great significance for the vegetation rehabilitation, ecological reconstruction and improvement of ecological environment in coal mining area.