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历史学专业,应该考察历史事件的自然流程。戊戌变法,是在王朝崩溃时期,希图实现现代化转型的一场稚嫩的启蒙运动。中国因为自大,文化保守,缺乏现代化变革的人才储备和知识储备,维新派因为国家危机仓促上阵。革命派与维新派是孪生兄弟,和平改革和暴力革命,在他们之间多次互相转化。他们的现代化知识很幼稚,也很可笑。他们在士大夫中间的动员,既无法挽救一个王朝的崩溃,也无法完成国家的整合。整个社会重士轻商的风气没有改变,现代工商业也没有发育壮大,自然难以依靠现代化转型完成国家的整合。这是一个自然的流程。
History of professional, should examine the natural history of events. The Reform Movement of 1898 was a immature Enlightenment in the hope of realizing the transformation of modernization in the dynasty’s collapse. Because of its arrogant, conservative culture and the lack of a pool of talented people and knowledge in its modernization drive, the reformers have been fighting hard because of the state crisis. Revolutionaries and reformers are twins, peaceful and violent revolutions, transforming themselves many times between each other. Their modern knowledge is naive and ridiculous. Their mobilization among Scholar-officials can neither save the collapse of a dynasty nor complete the nation’s integration. There has been no change in the ethos of the entire community of light and light traders, and the modern industry and commerce have not developed and expanded. It is naturally difficult for them to rely on modernization to complete the national integration. This is a natural process.