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急性肾小球肾炎(AGN),是一组急性起病的肾小球疾病。大部分由链球菌感染(90%为甲族β溶血性链球菌)引起。在链球菌感染时,链球菌本身的各种抗原在短时间内被释放入血,大约10天左右,在体内形成特异性抗体,与血循环中抗原结合成为可溶性免疫复合物,沉积在肾小球基底膜(GBM)的上皮侧(也可在内皮下及系膜区),并激活补体,产生免疫性炎症损害,导致急性肾小球肾炎。随病程发展当全部抗原都与抗体结合成免疫复合物后,抗原从血循环中消失,已沉积在肾小球内的免疫复合物也逐渐消失。肾小球的病理改变,一般在4～6周后逐步自行消散,临床症状亦逐步缓解。
Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a group of acutely onset glomerular diseases. Mostly caused by streptococcal infections (90% of Haemophilus influenzae beta). In streptococcal infection, various antigens of streptococcus itself are released into the blood within a short period of time, and about 10 days, specific antibodies are formed in the body and bind to antigens in the blood circulation to become soluble immune complexes and deposit on glomeruli Basement membrane (GBM) epithelial side (also in the subcutaneous and mesangial area) and activate complement, resulting in immune inflammatory damage, leading to acute glomerulonephritis. As the disease progresses, when all the antigens are combined with the antibody into an immune complex, the antigens disappear from the circulation and immune complexes that have accumulated in the glomerulus are gradually disappearing. Glomerular pathological changes, usually 4 to 6 weeks gradually dissipated, clinical symptoms also gradually ease.