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目的:加强学校卫生,为有效开展控烟行为提供参考。方法:2012年3月抽取邹城市辖区内4所高中1所高级职业技术学校12~19岁4 656名在校学生为调查对象。使用国家统一的《青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》调查对象基本特征、目前有无吸烟行为等内容。结果:4 656名被调查者中尝试过吸烟的1 204人,占总人数的25.9%。其中男生的尝试过吸烟率为35.7%,女生为13.4%;高中以上学生在家庭中被动吸烟占到49.7%。学生初始吸烟行为多发生在12岁以后,在14~16岁期间达到一个高峰阶段(10.32%)。烟草危害认知方面。对香烟中烟雾主要危害成分的选择中,尼古丁和煤焦油的正确回答率为85.2%和76.5%,而一氧化碳和氢氰酸的正确回答率仅9.3%和4.6%。结论:今后在开展控烟工作时,要针对不同的性别特征采取不同的方式方法。作为家长应当明确向孩子表达对吸烟的坚决反对的态度,同时避免在孩子面前有吸烟的行为,加大对学校、家庭、社会环境的控烟力度。
Objective: To strengthen school health and provide reference for tobacco control effectively. Methods: In March 2012, 4 656 enrolled students aged from 12 to 19 in 1 senior vocational technical school in 4 high schools in Zoucheng district were selected as the survey subjects. Using the national unified “youth health-related behavior questionnaire” survey of the basic characteristics of the object, there is no smoking behavior and so on. Results: Of the 4 656 respondents, 1,204 were smoking cigarettes, accounting for 25.9% of the total. Among them, boys tried smoking at a rate of 35.7% and girls at 13.4%. High school students accounted for 49.7% of passive smoking in their families. Student’s initial smoking behavior mostly occurred after 12 years old, reaching a peak period (10.32%) between the ages of 14 and 16 years. Tobacco harm cognitive aspects. The correct response rates for nicotine and coal tar were 85.2% and 76.5% for cigarettes, respectively, while the correct response rates for carbon monoxide and hydrocyanic acid were only 9.3% and 4.6%. Conclusion: In the future when carrying out tobacco control work, we should adopt different ways and means according to different gender characteristics. As parents should explicitly express their strong opposition to smoking attitudes to children, while avoiding smoking in front of children, increase the school, family, social environment, tobacco control efforts.