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目的:探讨活动性结核患者血清可溶性TNF受体-Ⅰ(sTNFR-Ⅰ)水平的变化。方法：用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清sTNFR-Ⅰ水平。结果：活动性结核，特别是播散性结核患者血清sTNFR-Ⅰ水平较正常对照组明显增高（P＜0.01)；随诊观察抗结核治疗后，患者血清sTNFR-Ⅰ水平有不同程度下降。结论：监测血清sTNFR-Ⅰ水平可作为判断活动性结核患者病情转归的重要指标。“,”Objective: Our purpose was to study the concentration of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-Ⅰ(sTNFR-Ⅰ) in the serum of patients with acute tuberculosis. Methods: The levels of soluble TNFR-Ⅰ in serum were measured in 11 patients with acute tuberculosis. Concentration of sTNFR-Ⅰ were measured by using enzyme-linked immunological binding assay. Results: In patients with acute tuberculosis, especially severe tuberculosis, serum levels of sTNFR-Ⅰ increased significantly (P<0.01), compared with those of control. After antituberculosis therapy, serum levels of sTNFR-Ⅰin patients with acute tuberculosis decreased by various degrees. Conclusion: Measurements of sTNFR-Ⅰ in serum of patients with acute tuberculosis could be an important index in the judgement of the outcome of the disease.