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目的:掌握南郑县5岁以下儿童死亡终期目标实施情况,了解5岁以下儿童死亡率、死亡原因及变化趋势,为今后制定合理的干预措施提供依据。方法:对南郑县辖区内30个乡镇卫生院、各中心医院、县直医疗机构防保科上报的2000～2010年5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡、登记册、年报及补漏调查信息资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2000～2010年5岁以下儿童死亡1 031例,平均死亡率20.32‰,各年龄段儿童死亡率均有不同程度下降,其中婴儿死亡率在2000年的基础上下降了64.71%,5岁以下儿童死亡率在2000年的基础上下降了61.77%,达到了《陕西省儿童发展规划(2001-2010年)》要求的目标。其中婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的83.12%,新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡的71.53%,说明年龄越小,死亡所占比例越大,前5位死亡原因主要为:新生儿窒息、肺炎、意外事故、先天畸形和早产低出生体重,其中意外死亡所占比例近年来变化幅度较大,呈上升趋势,且近3年来意外死亡为第1位死因,占总死亡数的13.39%,意外死亡中又以意外窒息居首位。结论:加强围产期保健,提高三级保健网络管理水平,加强新生儿、婴儿监护和保健,增强家庭和社会的安全防范意识,减少意外事故对儿童的伤害是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重要措施。
OBJECTIVE: To grasp the implementation of the target of death of children under 5 years old in Nanzheng County, understand the mortality rate, cause of death and change trend of children under 5 years of age, and provide the basis for formulating reasonable intervention measures in the future. Methods: Retrospective investigation of death report card, register, annual report and investigation information of children under 5 years of age from 2000 to 2010 in 30 township health centers, central hospitals and county direct medical institutions in Nanzheng County were conducted. analysis. Results: From 2000 to 2010, there were 1 031 deaths among children under 5 years old, with an average mortality rate of 20.32 ‰. The mortality rate of all age groups dropped to some extent. Among them, the infant mortality rate dropped by 64.71% from 2000 to 5 years The following child mortality rate dropped by 61.77% on the basis of 2000, reaching the target of “Children’s Development Plan of Shaanxi Province (2001-2010)”. Among them, infant deaths accounted for 83.12% of the deaths of children under 5 years of age, neonatal deaths accounted for 71.53% of infant deaths, indicating that the younger, the greater the proportion of deaths, the top 5 causes of death are as follows: neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia, accidents Accidents, congenital malformations and preterm birth low birth weight, of which the proportion of accidental deaths in recent years, a larger change, an upward trend, and the last 3 years of accidental death as the first cause of death, accounting for 13.39% of the total number of deaths, accidental death Accidentally suffocation again top. CONCLUSIONS: Intensifying perinatal care, improving the management level of tertiary care networks, strengthening neonatal and infant care and health care, strengthening family and community safety awareness, and reducing accidents harm child mortality is to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age Important measure