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本文从“资源诅咒”是否存在及其形成机制两方面总结了国内外研究的主要成果。针对“资源诅咒”是否存在,在跨国层面上的研究普遍认同,丰裕的自然资源对国家的经济增长有负面影响。围绕“资源诅咒”存在与否的争议之一在于一个国家内,丰裕的自然资源并不必然表现出对经济增长的“诅咒”效应;争议之二为强调具有某些特殊性质的自然资源才表现出“诅咒”效应,而另一类自然资源则不具有“诅咒”效应。进一步地,本文强调在一个国家之内,“资源诅咒”的形成机制主要是丰裕的自然资源通过“挤出”投资、降低储蓄,“挤出”教育、降低人力资本积累,排斥创新活动、减缓技术进步进程,扭曲经济制度,甚至政治制度的安排,从而阻碍经济增长。此外,利用自然资源的过程中,对环境承载力和经济的可持续发展能力的破坏也被视为形成“资源诅咒”的机制之一加以讨论。这些研究已是更深入探究“资源诅咒”命题的基础。
This article summarizes the main achievements of the research both at home and abroad from the existence of “resource curse” and its formation mechanism. In view of the existence of “resource curse”, the research at the transnational level generally agreed that abundant natural resources have a negative impact on the country’s economic growth. One of the controversies around the existence or not of a “resource curse” is that abundant natural resources do not necessarily exhibit a “curse” effect on economic growth in a given country. The second of the controversies is to emphasize that there are certain special Natural resources showed “curse” effect, while the other type of natural resources did not have “curse” effect. Further, this paper emphasizes that within a country, the formation mechanism of “resource curse” is mainly that abundant natural resources reduce investment in “savings” and “squeeze out” and reduce the accumulation of human capital through “crowding out” investments , Rejecting innovation activities, slowing down the process of technological progress, distorting the economic system and even the arrangement of the political system, thereby hindering economic growth. In addition, the destruction of environmental carrying capacity and sustainable economic development in the utilization of natural resources is also considered as one of the mechanisms that form the “resource curse.” These studies are already the basis for deeper exploration of the “resource curse” proposition.