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[目的]观察气管滴注大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)和3种铅化合物(PbSO4、PbCl2和PbO)对大鼠的急性肺毒性及血液毒性作用。[方法]将78只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、PM2.5染毒组(低、中、高染毒剂量分别为1.6、8.0、40.0mg/kg体重)、PbSO4、PbCl2和PbO染毒组。其中,3种铅化合物的低、中、高染毒剂量分别为13.5、67.5、337.5μg/kg体重。各剂量组均经气管滴注连续染毒3d。末次染毒24h后,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞计数,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、白蛋白(ALB)及总蛋白(TP)的含量;收集血液测定全血中δ-氨基-γ酮戊酸脱水酶(δ-ALAD)活性。[结果]PM2.5及3种铅化合物均可致大鼠BALF中的中性粒细胞比例明显升高,巨噬细胞比例明显降低;随着染毒剂量的增加,BALF中LDH、AKP、ACP、TP和ALB含量随之升高,呈现出一定的剂量效应关系,且PM2.5引起的上述作用较铅化合物明显。3种铅化合物两两比较发现,硫酸铅组对中性粒细胞比例、巨噬细胞比例、AKP、ACP和TP的作用较为明显。末次染毒24h后,大鼠全血中δ-ALAD活性随染毒剂量的升高而降低,PM2.5组作用较铅化合物明显;3种铅化合物中,硫酸铅的降低作用最明显。[结论]气管滴注PM2.5和3种铅化合物均可引起Wistar大鼠的急性肺毒性及血液毒性;与含同剂量铅的PM2.5相比,铅化合物的作用较弱。而3种铅化合物的毒性也互不相同,其中硫酸铅的毒性最大。
[Objective] To observe the acute pulmonary toxicity and hematotoxicity of tracheal instillation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and three lead compounds (PbSO4, PbCl2 and PbO) in rats. [Methods] 78 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline control group, PM2.5 group (low, medium and high doses were 1.6, 8.0, 40.0 mg / kg body weight), PbSO4, PbCl2 and PbO exposure group. Among them, the three kinds of lead compounds low, medium and high doses were 13.5,67.5,337.5μg / kg body weight. Each dose group were tracheal instillation continuous exposure 3d. After 24 hours of the last exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell counting and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), albumin Protein (TP) content; blood was collected to measure the activity of δ-amino-γ-keto-valerate dehydratase (δ-ALAD) in whole blood. [Results] Both PM2.5 and 3 lead compounds could significantly increase the proportion of neutrophils in BALF and the percentage of macrophages in BALF. With the increase of exposure dose, LDH, AKP, ACP , TP and ALB content increased, showing a dose-dependent relationship, and PM2.5 caused the above-mentioned effects than lead compounds significantly. Comparison of the three lead compounds showed that the effect of lead sulfate group on neutrophil ratio, the ratio of macrophages, AKP, ACP and TP was obvious. After the last exposure, the δ-ALAD activity in rat whole blood decreased with the increase of the exposure dose, and the effect of PM2.5 was more obvious than that of lead. Among the three lead compounds, the reduction effect of lead sulfate was the most obvious. [Conclusion] Tracheal instillation of PM2.5 and three lead compounds can cause acute pulmonary toxicity and hematotoxicity in Wistar rats. Compared with PM2.5 containing the same dose of lead, the effect of lead compounds is weak. The three lead compounds are also different in their toxicity, of which lead sulfate is the most toxic.