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目的针对临淄区52年来急性传染病发病率、死亡率的变化趋势,阐明流行规律,为制定防病对策提供依据。方法运用时间序列和自身对照方法,分析发病率、死亡率变化趋势。结果52年间平均发病率呈波浪式下降趋势、死亡率呈大幅下降趋势;肠道及血源性传染病构成位居第一位,然后依次为呼吸道传染病、自然疫源性及虫媒传播疾病、性传播疾病。病毒性肝炎、痢疾、肺结核成为现阶段主要传染病,性病的发病构成比上升。结论21世纪辖区疾病谱出现新的特点,计划免疫相关传染病发病率明显下降,肠道及血源性传染病发病率下降缓慢,已经消灭的淋病、梅毒于90年代后又有病例报告。2006年在辖区内首次出现艾滋病病例报告,肠道及血源传染病、肺结核和性病是今后防治工作的重点,应进一步依法开展防治工作,采取有针对性的防治措施。
Objective To address the changing trend of the incidence and mortality rate of acute infectious diseases in Linzi District in the past 52 years, clarify the epidemic rules and provide evidence for the development of disease prevention measures. Methods Using time series and self-control method, the morbidity and mortality trends were analyzed. Results The average morbidity rate showed a downward trend in 52 years and the mortality rate dropped significantly. The composition of intestinal and blood-borne infectious diseases ranked the first, followed by respiratory diseases, natural foci and insect-borne diseases Sexually transmitted diseases. Viral hepatitis, dysentery, tuberculosis have become the major infectious diseases at this stage, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases than the rise. Conclusions The disease spectrum in the 21st century has new characteristics. The incidence of infectious diseases associated with immunization is obviously decreased. The incidence of intestinal and bloodborne infectious diseases has been declining slowly. Cases of gonorrhea and syphilis that have been eliminated have been reported since the 1990s. In 2006, AIDS cases were reported for the first time in their jurisdictions. Intestinal and blood-borne diseases, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases are the focus of prevention and treatment in the future. Prevention and treatment should be further conducted according to law and targeted prevention and treatment measures should be taken.