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(一) 行为科学是指运用心理学、社会学、社会心理学、人类学,以及其它与研究人的行为有关的学科的理论,来研究人类行为一般规律的一门综合性学科。早期的行为科学,着重研究职工在生产中的人群关系,研究作为“社会人”的职工及其社会需要的满足程度。这种研究的典型活动,是美国哈佛大学教授梅奥于1924至1936年所从事的霍桑试验。通过试验,梅奥得出如下结论: (1)人不只是“经济人”,更主要的是“社会人”。英国资产阶级经济学家李嘉图曾提出了著名的“群氓假设”,即社会由一群一群无组织的个人组
(1) Behavioral science refers to a comprehensive discipline that studies the general laws of human behavior using psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and other theories related to the study of human behavior. Early behavioral science focused on the study of the employee’s relationship in production, studying the degree of satisfaction of employees who are “social people” and their social needs. The typical activity of this kind of research is the Hawthorne experiment conducted by Professor Mayo of Harvard University from 1924 to 1936. Through experiments, Mayo draws the following conclusions: (1) People are not merely “economic people”, but more importantly are “social people.” The British bourgeois economist Ricardo has proposed the famous “group arguing hypothesis” that the society consists of a group of unorganized individuals.