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Objective To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in spermatogenic cells induced by local testicular heating in ratsMethods Forty adult male SD rats were divided into experimental group and control group at random. According to day 0. 5, 1, 3 and 6 after local testicular heating, each group was divided into 4 subgroups: experimental subgroup (n=6) and control subgroup (n=4). The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the spermatogenic cells was detected on day 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 after heat exposure by using immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with control groups, the ratio of positive cells and content of Bcl-2 positive cells significantly decreased in all experimental subgroups (P＜0. 01).The content of Bax positive cells increased in all experimental subgroups (P＜0. 01),the ratio of positive cells which had no significant difference (P＞0. 05) except 6 dgroup decreased (P＜0. 01 ). Redistribution of Bax from a cytoplasmic to perinuclear or nuclear localization could be observed after heating.Conclusions Expression of Bcl-2 would decrease and Bax would increase with redistribution in spermatogenic cells in rats after heating. The change of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in spermatogenic cells would be correlated with the spermatogenic cell apoptosis induced by heating.