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AIM: To explore the prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD) in Taiwan and condition-associated factors related to it.METHODS: We studied a total of 2386 healthy adults (1235 males and 1151 females) voluntarily admitted to Cheng Hsin General Hospital for a paid physical check-up between January 2002 and December 2002.Blood samples and ultrasound sonography results were collected.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of GSD among this study-population was 5.3%, including 1.7% (n =40)having a single stone, 2.3% (n= 55) having multiple stones, and 1.3% (n=31) having cholecystectomy.The prevalence revealed a statistically significant increase with increasing age (P＜0.0001). Females exhibited a greater prevalence of multiple stones than did males (3.0% vs 1.7%, P= 0.04). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the following appeared to be significantly related to the prevalence of GSD: older age (40-49 years vs ＜40 years, OR= 1.63 [95% CI:0.76-3.48], 50-59 years vs ＜40 years, OR=4.93 [95%CI: 2.43-9.99], 60-69 years vs ＜40 years, OR = 6.82 [95%CI: 3.19-14.60], ≥70 years vs ＜40 years, OR= 10.65[95% CI: 4.78-23.73]), higher BMI (≥27 kg/m2 vs ＜24kg/m2, adjusted OR= 1.74 [95% CI: 1.04-2.88]), and higher FPG (≥ 126 mg/dL vs ＜110 mg/dL, OR= 1.71,95%CI: 1.01-2.96).CONCLUSION: Older age (≥50 years), obesity (BMI ≥27 kg/m2), and type 2 diabetes (FPG ≥126 mg/dL) are associated with the prevalence of GSD.