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宗族作为清代基层社会中一种普遍存在,是影响当时社会生活的重要因素,探究宗族的经济关系无疑对于我们认识清代社会特别社会生活具有重要的意义。清代民众普遍与其所在的宗族存在的一定程度的经济依存关系,宗族的族产越多,族人对宗族的经济依赖关系越强,而或宗族缺乏公产,宗族反而会有赖于族人的捐助。那些经济实力比较雄厚、组织化程度较高的宗族在对族人实施资助和救恤的同时,也积极施以道德的教化。与现代社会相比,清代族人间通财意识明显较强,但在相对普遍贫苦的社会中,人们对经济利益的计较其实也十分强烈,族人间因为经济利益发生纠纷的现象也很常见。从中可见,清代社会是一个既讲今天看来颇为难得的人情,同时又非常计较个人利益的社会。
Patriarchal clan, as a kind of universal existence in grass-roots society in Qing Dynasty, is an important factor affecting social life at that time. It is undoubtedly of great significance to explore the clan’s economic relations for us to understand the special social life of Qing society. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a certain degree of economic dependency between the common people and the clans they lived in. The more clan clans, the stronger the dependency of clansmen on the clan, or the lack of public sacrifice, the clan actually relied on the donations of the clansmen. Those clans who are relatively strong in economic power and have a high degree of organization are also actively applying moral education while providing assistance and assistance to ethnic groups. Compared with the modern society, the wealth consciousness among the ethnic groups in Qing Dynasty is obviously stronger. However, in the relatively ubiquitous and poor society, people actually consider the economic interests very strongly. It is also common for ethnic groups to dispute their economic interests. It can be seen from this that the Qing society was a society in which both the rare human sentiments seen today and the personal interests were considered very much.