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目的了解社会支持和应付方式与四川省汶川地震灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状发生的关系,为采取干预措施提供参考依据。方法在四川省汶川地震5个月后采用整群抽样方法对四川省都江堰市都江堰中学抽取的472名高中生进行问卷调查。结果地震灾区高中生PTSD检出率为46.61%,其中男生和女生检出率分别为43.93%和48.84%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PTSD阳性与阴性症状学生比较,客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度和社会支持总分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),自责、求助、幻想、退避和合理化因子分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),解决问题因子分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相关分析结果表明,客观支持与闯入、高警觉因子和事件影响量表(IES)总分均呈负相关(P<0.05);解决问题与高警觉因子呈负相关(P<0.05);求助与闯入因子和IES总分均呈负相关(P<0.05),自责、幻想、退避和合理化与回避、闯入、高警觉因子和IES总分均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论应用成熟的应付方式和良好的社会支持可提高地震灾区青少年的心理健康水平,减少PTSD的发生。
Objective To understand the relationship between social support and coping style and the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the earthquake-hit area of Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, and to provide a reference for the intervention. Methods A total of 472 high school students sampled from Dujiangyan Middle School in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province were surveyed by cluster sampling five months after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province. Results The detection rate of PTSD was 46.61% among high school students in earthquake-stricken areas. The detection rates of boys and girls were 43.93% and 48.84% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). PTSD positive and negative students showed objective support, There was no significant difference in subjective support, support utilization and social support scores (P> 0.05). There were significant differences in self-accusation, help seeking, fantasy, withdrawal and rationalization factors (P <0.05) (P> 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between objective support and intrusion, high alertness factor and total score of event impact scale (IES) (P <0.05) (P <0.05). There was a negative correlation between asking for help and intrusion factor and IES score (P <0.05), self-blame, fantasy, withdrawal and rationalization and avoidance, intrusion, high alertness and IES total Points were positively correlated (P <0.01). Conclusion Applying mature coping styles and good social support can improve mental health of adolescents in earthquake-stricken areas and reduce the incidence of PTSD.