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刑事审判活动是一种认识活动,辩证唯物主义的认识论对于刑事审级制度的构建具有重要的理论指导作用。首先,从刑事一审到刑事二审甚至刑事三审,法官对证据的审查、判断以及对案件事实的认识,是一个由浅入深、由不正确到正确、由片面到全面的辩证发展过程。其次,通过刑事审级制度,有助于上级法院的法官克服下级法院的法官在认识能力上的有限性和不至上性。最后,法官对案件事实的认识是绝对真实和相对真实的有机统一。法官对案件的正确认识往往需要通过审级制度来实现。
Criminal trial is an activity of cognition. Dialectical materialism epistemology plays an important theoretical guiding role in the construction of criminal trial system. First of all, from the first instance of criminal trial to the second instance of criminal trial or even the third instance of criminal trial, the review and judgment of evidence by the judge and the cognition of the facts of the case are a dialectical development proceeding from simple to in-depth and from incorrect to correct and from one-sided to comprehensive. Second, the adoption of a criminal trial system helps judges at higher levels to overcome the limitations and supremacy of judges in lower courts. Finally, the judge’s cognition of the facts of the case is an absolutely true and relatively real organic unity. The judge’s correct understanding of the case often needs to be achieved through the trial-level system.