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共产主义理论在马克思主义经典作家那里是对抗资本主义、批判阶级剥削、建立平等公正的社会理论,它是思想观点、社会形态、社会制度、社会理想和实践运动的统一,其话语的所指和能指高度一致。但在一个多世纪的历史变迁中,“共产主义”话语的所指发生了变化,有从词源上取其“共同体”之意而取消公有制;有取其“各尽所能,按需分配”的制度之意而视之为“乌托邦”;有取其一个多世纪的实践运动之意而视之为“历史之终结”;也有针对共产主义实践运动暂时的低潮而仅视之为理论“观念”。共产主义话语的四种误读,其能指和所指分离,割裂了马克思主义关于共产主义理论、制度和运动的内在统一。
The communist theory is a classic Marxist writer who confronts capitalism and exploits the class and establishes an equal and fair social theory. It is the unification of ideological point of view, social form, social system, social ideal and practice movement. Refers to a high degree of consistency. However, in the historical changes of more than a century, the meanings of the words “communism” have undergone changes, with the etymology taking the “community” meaning and the abolition of public ownership; Can be regarded as “Utopia ” according to the system of “distribution according to need ”; it has taken more than a century of practical exercise as “the end of history”; and also has directed at the practice of communism The temporary ebb and only as a theory “idea ”. The four misunderstandings of communist discourse, their signification and their separation, divide the internal unity of Marxism about communist theories, institutions and movements.