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目的 阐明建坝蓄水后钉螺消亡规律及其对血吸虫病传播的影响。 方法 选择江西省进贤县军山湖为调查点 ,收集其建坝前洲滩钉螺分布高程与血吸虫病疫情资料 ;抄录 1995～ 2 0 0 1年坝内外逐日水位记录 ,测算不同高程有螺洲滩全年及 4～ 6月份水淹天数 ,分析钉螺消亡与水位变化的相关性 ;在一个历史疫情资料较为完整的寺背村开展现况调查 ,确认当前血吸虫病流行态势。 结果 军山湖沿岸曾有 3乡 6村流行血吸虫病 ,但有螺面积仅 1394 0 30m2 (2 0 90亩 ) ,钉螺集中分布在 16 .6～ 17.2 m高程范围内。建坝前居民血吸虫病平均感染率为 12 .5 % ,建坝后坝内水位波幅显著缩小 ,最低水位抬高至 16 .0～ 16 .8m。在此水情条件下 ,2年后未再检获活螺 ,居民血吸虫病感染率相应剧降。寺背村现况调查未发现患者、病牛和钉螺。 结论 军山湖建坝蓄水 2年后阻断了血吸虫病传播。
Objective To clarify the rule of death of Oncomelania snail and its effect on the spread of schistosomiasis after water storage. Methods The Jun Shan Lake in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province was selected as the survey site to collect the snail distribution elevation and schistosomiasis prevalence data of the beach in Jianxian County before its construction. The daily water level recorded inside and outside the dam from 1995 to 2001 was recorded and the Loess Beach and the number of flooding from April to June, the correlation between the demise of Oncomelania snail and water level changes was analyzed. The status quo was surveyed in Sihou Village, a relatively complete historical epidemic situation data to confirm the current epidemic situation of schistosomiasis. Results There were 3 epidemic schistosomiasis strains in 6 villages of 3 townships along the coast of Junshan Lake. However, there were only 1,394,030 m2 (2,090 mu) of snails and snails concentrated in the range of 16.6 - 17.2 m. The average infection rate of resident schistosomiasis before dam construction was 12.5%. After the dam construction, the amplitude of water level in the dam was significantly reduced, and the lowest water level was raised to 16.0-16.8m. Under the conditions of this influx, no further seizures of live snails were found after 2 years, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis among residents has dropped drastically. Temple back village status survey found no patients, sick cattle and snails. Conclusion Schistosoma japonicum blocked the spread of schistosomiasis after two years of water storage.