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目的：探讨肾移植术后医院尿路感染的病原菌谱及其危险因素和危险期。方法：定期监测 ７６ 例肾移植患者术后尿液的病原菌情况，统计多种因素与尿路感染的病原菌谱和发生率的关系。结果：７６ 例患者发生尿路感染３０ 例，发生率为３９．５％ 。分离出真菌 １６ 株（３５．６％ ），肠杆菌科菌１４ 株（３１．１％ ），其他菌 １５ 株（３３．３％ ）。术后 ５～１７ ｄ 感染者２４ 例，占感染总数的８０．０％ 。结论：肾移植术后５～１７ ｄ 是医院尿路感染的危险期。病原菌以真菌、肠杆菌科菌为主。急性排斥反应及其治疗、留置导尿管、广谱抗生素的应用等是影响病原菌谱及发生率的主要因素。
Objective: To investigate the pathogenic bacteria spectrum of urinary tract infection and its risk factors and dangerous period in hospital after renal transplantation. Methods: The pathogen of urine in 76 renal transplant recipients was monitored on a regular basis. The relationship between pathogens and incidence of urinary tract infection was analyzed. Results: Thirty urinary tract infections occurred in 76 patients, the incidence rate was 39.5%. 16 fungi (35.6%), 14 (31.1%) Enterobacteriaceae and 15 (33.3%) other fungi were isolated. In 5 to 17 days after operation, 24 cases were infected, accounting for 80.0% of the total number of infections. Conclusions: The risk of urinary tract infection in hospital is 5 to 17 days after renal transplantation. Pathogenic fungi, Enterobacteriaceae-based. Acute rejection and its treatment, indwelling catheter, the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics are the main factors affecting the spectrum and incidence of pathogenic bacteria.