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为减小南方季节性干旱对水稻生长的影响,提高水分利用效率,于2003年在江西省余江县进行了水稻覆盖旱作的田间试验。大田条件下对比研究了裸地旱作、稻草覆盖旱作和常规水作下水稻大田生长期内的水分利用效率和作物主要农艺性状。结果表明,常规水作处理的灌溉水总量分别是裸地旱作和稻草覆盖旱作灌水量的2.42和3.31倍。旱作处理下水稻的淹水时间明显减少,只有常规淹水处理的1/10左右。由于淹水时间的减少,水分渗漏量和田面蒸发损失也大大降低。旱作条件下,稻草覆盖旱作的水稻分蘖数、叶面积、根系生长明显优于裸地旱作。覆盖旱作产量最高可达6747kg/hm2,接近于常规水作对照的6811.5kg/hm2,两者无显著差异。而裸地旱作处理的水稻产量仅为4716kg/hm2,显著低于常规水作和稻草覆盖旱作处理。水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均为稻草覆盖旱作>裸地旱作>常规水作。
In order to reduce the impact of seasonal drought on rice growth and improve water use efficiency, a field experiment was conducted in 2003 in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province. Under field conditions, the water use efficiency and the main agronomic traits of bare land, straw-covered and conventional paddy fields during the field growth period were compared. The results showed that the total amount of irrigated water treated by conventional water was 2.42 and 3.31 times higher than the dry irrigated and straw-covered dryland irrigated respectively. Under flooding treatment, flooding time of rice decreased obviously, only about 1/10 of conventional flooding treatment. Due to the decrease of flooding time, the amount of water leakage and evaporative loss on the ground are also greatly reduced. Under the conditions of dry cultivation, the tillering number, leaf area and root growth of paddy-covered rice in dry cultivation were obviously better than those in dry cultivation. Coverage of up to 6747kg / hm2 of dry cultivation, close to the conventional water control 6811.5kg / hm2, no significant difference between the two. However, the dry yield of paddy rice was only 4716 kg / hm2, which was significantly lower than that of conventional water and straw-covered dry cultivation. Water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency are straw-covered dry land> bare land dry> conventional water.