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目的了解厦门市手足口病病原特征,为手足口病防止提供依据。方法搜集2011—2013年采用实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)对1 622份标本进行核酸检测,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有标本阳性率为59.93%,肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A16型(coxsackievirus A16,CoxA16)、EV71和CoxA16、其他肠道病毒构成比分别为39.81%、17.28%、0.10%、42.80%,优势病原随时间变迁。2岁儿童阳性率(65.22%)最高,病原构成除2岁以下和6岁以上人群以其他肠道病毒为主,其余各年龄组均以EV71为主,哨点医院阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症病例21例,病原构成以EV71为主(66.67%),90.48%为4岁以下儿童。结论厦门市手足口病主要由EV71和其他肠道病毒引起,病原谱随时间变迁。5岁以下儿童感染率高,是发生重症病例的主要人群,建议继续加强手足口病病原监测,并对其他肠道病毒深入鉴定型别。
Objective To understand the pathogenic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xiamen and to provide basis for the prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Totally 1 622 samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2011 to 2013. The count data were analyzed by χ2 test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant significance. Results The positive rate of all the samples was 59.93%. The enterovirus 71 (EV71), CoxA16 (CoxA16), EV71 and CoxA16 were all positive for all the samples, with the proportions of other enteroviruses being 39.81%, 17.28 %, 0.10%, 42.80%, the dominant pathogen changes over time. The positive rate of 2-year-old children was the highest (65.22%). The pathogen was mainly EV71 in other age groups except 2 years old and above 6 years old, and the positive rate in sentinel hospitals was statistically significant (P <0.05). In 21 cases of severe cases, the pathogens were mainly EV71 (66.67%) and 90.48% were children under 4 years old. Conclusion HFMD in Xiamen is mainly caused by EV71 and other enteroviruses, and the pathogenic spectrum changes with time. High prevalence of children under the age of 5 is the major population of critically ill patients, it is recommended to continue to strengthen the pathogens of foot and mouth disease monitoring, and other types of enterovirus in-depth identification.