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无论是作为公用设施,还是政策工具,港口效能的预测和发挥都离不开对区域背景的正确认识。对区域背景认识的差异和争论,使盐田港十年内几起几落,于其发展十分不利。本文从香港、广东(珠江三角洲)、深圳(东、西部港区)这三个层次分析了盐田港发展的区域背景,认为盐田应该也可能发展成为以集装箱运输为主的国际中转大港。 一、香港 1、香港港口。 综合来看,香港港口有如下几个特点: (1)为香港支柱产业之一,每年的港口业产值占GNP的15％。 (2)从自然条件看,海岸陡峭,陆域狭小,靠大规模投资填海造地来满足码头建设用地需求。现在,传统的港口用地扩展方式已不能满足未来发展需要。 (3)集装箱吞吐量大。1993年处理货运1.16亿吨,集装箱吞吐量就为900万标准箱,居世界第一位。 (4)以经营大陆的转口贸易为基础。1993年,全港集装箱吞吐量中六成是大陆货运。 (5)本世纪中叶以后,以转口贸易为主的香港经济向以加工工业为主转型,进而在地域上向珠江三角洲、广东以至内地转移。 (6)港口集装箱经营运作由私营机构联合管理,政府只负责港内浮标中流作业。
Whether as a public utility or as a policy tool, the prediction and performance of port performance can not be separated from a correct understanding of the regional context. Differences and controversies over the understanding of the regional context have caused the Yantian Port to rise and fall within a few years and its development has been very unfavorable. This paper analyzes the regional background of the development of Yantian Port from the three levels of Hong Kong, Guangdong (Pearl River Delta) and Shenzhen (East and West), and thinks that Yantian should and may develop into an international transit port mainly for container transportation. First, Hong Kong 1, Hong Kong port. Taken together, Hong Kong ports have the following characteristics: (1) As one of the pillar industries in Hong Kong, the annual port output value accounts for 15% of the GNP. (2) Judging from the natural conditions, the coast is steep and the land area is small. The land reclaimed by large-scale investment should be reclaimed to meet the demand for land for the construction of wharfs. Now, the traditional way of port expansion can no longer meet the needs of future development. (3) Large container throughput. In 1993, it handled 116 million tons of freight and handled 9 million TEU containers, ranking the first in the world. (4) Based on the entrepot trade in mainland China. In 1993, 60% of the container throughput in the entire territory was mainland freight. (5) Since the middle of this century, Hong Kong’s economy dominated by entrepot trade has been transformed mainly by processing industries and has been transferred geographically to the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong and the Mainland. (6) The operation of port container operations is jointly managed by the private sector. The government is only responsible for mid-stream buoy operations.