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语言形式与意义的关系一直都是热点问题。长期以来,索绪尔关于语言符号任意性的论点占有统治地位。随着认知科学的发展,语言学家又提出了语言具有理据性和象似性的观点,而且注意到这种象似性在句法中很明显。本文通过对比英汉语言特征的差异,指出汉语在很大程度上遵循时间顺序的象似原则的特点,并从动作行为方式、感知方式、思维观念和文化观念几个方面论述了汉语语序的理据性和象似性。这种语言结构与所指之间的理据性和象似性,既是对“任意说”的一种挑战,也是在新的语言学发展中对“任意性”的一种补充和发展。
The relationship between language form and meaning has always been a hot issue. For a long time, Saussure's argument about the arbitrariness of linguistic signs dominates. With the development of cognitive science, linguists have raised the point of view that language has motivation and iconicity, and noticed that the iconicity is obvious in the syntactic theory. By comparing the difference of English and Chinese language features, this paper points out that Chinese largely follows the iconicity principle of chronological order, and expounds the motivation of Chinese word order from the aspects of action behavior, perception, thinking and cultural ideas And iconicity. The motivation and iconicity between this linguistic structure and the reference are both a challenge to “arbitrary talk” and a complement to “arbitrariness” in the development of new linguistics development of.